新闻与事件
近日，上海交通大学设计学院建筑学系本科生温世康以第一作者身份，在高水平国际期刊《Journal of Building Engineering》（影响因子IF=7.144，JCR Q1）上发表了学术论文“Comparing the Performance of Four Shading Strategies Based on a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study in a University Library”。该研究基于多目标遗传算法，提出了选择和设计建筑遮阳策略的方法，并将该方法运用在某图书馆光环境的改善设计中。
论文摘要
建筑遮阳构件可以减少眩光，改善居住者的视觉舒适度。然而，遮阳设备可能会过度地降低照度水平。不同遮阳设计策略的性能并不一样，使用传统方法很难选择最合适的遮阳设计策略。本研究通过构建基于多目标遗传算法的帕累托解集，提出了一种遮阳设计策略的参数化选择和优化方法。以期遮阳设计能够在降低眩光的同时，保持满意的照度水平。优化所用的目标函数结合了动态眩光评价指标和本研究通过实地调研而建立的光环境评价指标。以上海交通大学图书馆为对象，本研究运用所提出的方法比较了四种遮阳策略的性能，包括垂直遮阳板、穿孔铝板、南向锯齿窗和北向锯齿窗。四种遮阳策略的参数化解中都可找到同时降低眩光强度和保证照度水平的设计方案。总体来说，好的遮阳策略能够将直射光转换成漫射光。研究发现，南向锯齿窗和穿孔铝板的性能相对较差；相比北向锯齿窗，垂直遮阳板提供了更令人满意的照度水平；南向锯齿窗可以更有效地降低眩光。本研究所提出的多目标优化框架可帮助选择和设计适当的遮阳设计策略。
Abstract
Through the control of excessive daylight in buildings, shading devices can reduce glare and improve occupants' visual comfort. However, shading devices may overly reduce illuminance levels. Many shading strategies are available, but they do not perform equally well, and traditionally, it has been difficult to select the most suitable shading strategy. This study proposed a parameterization method for the selection and design of a shading strategy that would reduce glare while maintaining a satisfactory daylighting level, through the construction of Pareto sets based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The objective function was created by combining a dynamic glare evaluation indicator, the spatial glare autonomy (sGA), and a self-constructed daylight index, the spatial daylight vote autonomy (sDVA), developed from a field survey. As a case study, the proposed method was used to compare the performance of four shading strategies, including vertical slats (Vs), a perforated aluminum sheet (PAS), serrated windows with southern orientation (Sw_S), and serrated windows with northern orientation (Sw_N) in a university library in Shanghai, China. It was found that the Sw_S and PAS had a relatively bad performance; the Vs performed better than the Sw_N in providing a more satisfactory illuminance level; and the Sw_N was more effective in reducing the glare. The multi-objective optimization process can be used to obtain near-optimal design parameters that create a visual environment with reduced glare while maintaining an acceptable illuminance level, for all four shading strategies. The developed method can be a helpful tool in the design of an appropriate daylighting environment.
遮阳设计的多目标优化流程图
示意图：四种遮阳策略如何将太阳直射光转换成漫射光。以1月24日下午三点的上海为例。
基于调研和实测数据拟合光环境满意度和水平照度的对数关系
遮阳策略的比较和设计：北向锯齿形窗（Sw_N）、南向锯齿形窗（Sw_S）、垂直遮阳板（Vs）和穿孔铝板（PAS）的帕累托集
该论文合作作者为上海交通大学设计学院建筑学系本科生胡啸、华冠钧，以及北京工业大学教授薛鹏。通讯作者为上海交通大学设计学院建筑学系副教授、副系主任赖达祎。
