2023-2-9 11:02

车生泉教授生态设计团队构建LCZ景观类型对大气颗粒物空间分布影响机制,为城市景观生态规划助力


近日,上海交通大学设计学院风景园林系车生泉教授可持续生态设计团队与德国弗劳恩霍夫建筑物理研究所(Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics)Afshin Afshari教授合作,在高水平国际期刊《Science of The Total Environment》(影响因子10.753,JCRQ1,中科院SCI一区Top)上发表了学术论文“LCZ method is more effective than traditional LUCC method in interpreting the relationship between urban landscape and atmospheric particles”。


该论文论证了包含三维属性的局地气候分区(LCZs)景观分类法相比传统的地表覆盖(LUCC)景观分类法,在解释城市大气颗粒物空间分布驱动机制上更有优势,并进一步阐明了城市景观对大气颗粒物分布及扩散影响机制,将服务于城市人居环境的营建及景观规划管理能力的提升。


论文摘要

景观分类方法对探究景观与大气颗粒物关系机制有显著影响。通过建立城区和郊区3种颗粒物浓度梯度下(高、低、典型)LCZ景观以及LUCC景观与PM2.5和PM10的LUR模型,本研究比较了LCZ和传统LUCC景观分类方法在解释大气颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)空间差异上的作用,探究景观要素对大气颗粒物的影响机制。结果显示:在LCZ分类体系下,市区的斑块数量是LUCC的548倍,平均斑块面积更是由2.80ha增加至1531.95ha。同时LCZ在12个情景中均成功建立LUR模型,而LUCC仅建立5个模型且均为郊区模型,LCZ景观与大气颗粒物建立的LUR模型拟合优度R2多数高于LUCC景观的。LCZ方法和LUCC方法均辨识出自然景观要素与大气颗粒物有显著负相关关系,在非自然景观方面,LUCC方法认为建成环境对大气颗粒均是正效应,而LCZ方法发现高密度建筑区对大气颗粒物有正效应,而多数低密度建筑区对大气颗粒物有明显削减作用。总体来讲相对传统的LUCC景观分类方法,LCZ考虑了城市物理形态结构,对城市景观分类更细致,其与城市大气颗粒物关系更为紧密,尤其是在建成区域。由于低密度建筑区域与自然景观一样对大气颗粒物有同样的削减效果,建议新城规划时,多采用低密度建筑。


关键词LUCC,LCZ,大气颗粒物,土地利用回归,城市景观格局


Abstract

Landscape classification methods significantly impact the exploration of the mechanism of the relationship between landscapes and atmospheric particulate matter. This study compared the local climate zones (LCZs) and traditional land use/cover change (LUCC) landscape classification methods in explaining spatial differences in concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and explored the mechanisms involved in how landscape elements affect atmospheric particulate matter. This was done by establishing a PM2.5 and PM10 land use regression (LUR) model of LCZ and LUCC landscapes under low, typical, and high particle concentration gradients in urban and suburban areas. The results show that under an LCZ classification system, the number of patches in the urban area of Shanghai was 548 times higher than that of a LUCC system. Moreover, LCZs were successfully established for LUR models in 12 scenarios, while only five models were established for LUCC, all of which were suburban models. The R2 of the LUR model based on the LCZ landscape and atmospheric particulate matter was mostly higher than that of the LUCC. For unnatural landscapes, the LUCC demonstrated that an urbanized environment positively affects the concentration of atmospheric particles. However, the LCZ analysis found that areas with high-density buildings have a positive effect on atmospheric particles, while most areas with low-density buildings significantly reduced the number of atmospheric particles present. Generally, compared with the traditional LUCC landscape classification method, LCZ integrates Shanghai’s physical structure and classifies the urban landscape more accurately, which is closely related to the urban atmospheric particulate matter, especially in the urban area. Because the low-density building area has the same effect on the particulate matter as the natural landscape, the use of low-density buildings is recommended when planning new towns.


Keywords:LUCC; LCZ; Particulate matters; Land use regression; Urban landscape pattern

研究介绍

基于城市景观对大气颗粒物空间分布影响机制,本研究提出城市景观规划和管理方式,是提升城市大气环境质量的重要途径。然而传统的土地利用/覆盖(LUCC)景观分类法缺少对建筑高度和密度等三维属性的考量,在建立城市景观与大气颗粒物浓度关系模型时通常不够理想,城市景观对大气颗粒物空间分布影响机制也不够清楚,进而极大地限制了景观规划在大气环境管理上的有效性。


LCZ作为城市规划和气候分析工具,由17个不同的景观类型组成,分类参数包括建筑密度和高度、土地利用、绿色空间等,弥补了传统(LUCC)景观分类法对三维属性考虑的不足。LCZ分类系统可以帮助城市规划和设计的分析研究与实践提升,为城市可持续的土地利用、建筑设计和基础设施建设决策提供科学依据。


该研究首次论证了相对传统的LUCC景观分类方法,LCZ方法获得的景观类型可以更好地解释大气颗粒物空间分布差异,尤其是在城市区域。LCZ方法与LUCC方法研究结果一致认为自然景观对大气颗粒物均有削减效应。在非自然景观方面,LUCC方法认为建成环境对大气颗粒均是正效应,而LCZ方法研究结果显示大气颗粒物浓度明显受建筑密度与建筑高度影响,低密度建筑区域对大气颗粒物可能呈现削减效果。此次研究论证了包含三维属性的LCZ景观类型在解释城市大气颗粒空间分布规律上的适应性和优越性,为城市人居环境景观规划提供了创新思路和科学途径。

上海LUCC地表类型图

上海LCZ地表类型图

上海不同日平均浓度下PM2.5的分布特征:(a)最大值;(b)典型值;(c)最低值

上海不同日平均浓度下PM10的分布特征:(a)最大值;(b)典型值;(c)最低值

LCZ分类方法下上海市各类地表覆盖类型占比

LUCC分类方法下上海市各类地表覆盖类型占比

LCZ与LUCC在城市与郊区的景观格局指数比较:(a)斑块数量(NP);(b)最小斑块面积;(c)最大斑块指数(LPI);(d)第二大斑块指数(LPI2nd);(e)平均斑块大小(MPS);(f)斑块面积标准差(PSSD)


上海交通大学设计学院博士生姜睿原为论文第一作者,博士后谢长坤为论文通讯作者。论文共同作者包括博士生满子豪、Afshin Afshari教授和车生泉教授。本研究获得国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301105)、上海高校智库内涵建设项目(2022ZKNH015 8.8)以及the Fraunhofer Internal Programs under Grant (003-695033)项目的支持。


引用格式:Jiang, R., Xie, C., Man, Z., Afshari, A., & Che, S. (2023). LCZ method is more effective than traditional LUCC method in interpreting the relationship between urban landscape and atmospheric particles. Science of The Total Environment, 161677.


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